Friday, December 27, 2019
Role Of Women During The United States - 1082 Words
Stephanie Vissering British Literature 1 Professor Stanley September 27, 2014 Critical Analysis Essay: Role of Women The role of women in the United States has changed dramatically in the last couple of decades. For one, women have taken on responsibilities outside the home, such as joining the paid workforce. While women made up only about one third of the workforce in 1969, women today make up half of the paid workers in the US. Women are also stepping up to lead the country as well as making progress on health issues. Over the past few years women have been able to end gender discrimination, however substantial inequalities still remain. During the ââ¬Å"Old Englishâ⬠period women were generally involved in tasks that required little physical work. While men were ox-herders, laborers, swine-herders and so forth women were cheese makers and dairy maids. They were also bakers, not cooks. Women of this time were also entertainers, comedians, and singers. They may have been employed by households or traveling groups. Women were considered ââ¬Å"unimportantâ⬠during this time and had ver y little, to no, equality to men. When people read Beowulf they get this assumption that the women are frail, wicked, or under the dominance of men. However, the female presence in Beowulf is far from a submissive one and must be reevaluated from an Anglo Saxon perspective. Back then, the societal expectations of the time were different. Men and Women were equal with the ââ¬Å"compensation for a maiden isShow MoreRelatedWomen s Role Of Women During The United States Essay2089 Words à |à 9 PagesOctober, 2016 Womenââ¬â¢s Role in Society in America The role of women in society in the United States has undergone dramatic changes over the past several decades. For instance, an increasing number of women have taken on new responsibilities besides the traditional ones at home and taken up paying work. Besides making up a lot more of the work force than before, more women are also taking up leadership roles and have also made great progress on health issues affecting women. While World War II andRead MoreWomen s Role During Wwii1345 Words à |à 6 PagesWomenââ¬â¢s Role During WWII 1939-1945 Men were leaving, people were fighting, and many were dying. World War II was one of the hardest times, and during that difficult time, women stepped up their roles and had a huge impact during the war. The women during World II in the United States and in Europe impacted the war by taking different jobs and becoming employed in the workforce, working in the home with normal household responsibilities while supporting the men oversees, and entering into the militaryRead MoreWomen s Dependency During World War I1654 Words à |à 7 PagesWomen have always had a very trivial role in the United Statesââ¬â¢ society. Women have been devoiced for centuries. One important reason being that there was a lack of women s dependency in society. During World War I womenââ¬â¢s dependency society had increased tremendously. Women stepped up to maintain the work of their husband, brothers and fathers who were soldiers in the Great War. The United States was reluctant to go into war for three r easons. The United States felt that by staying neutral thatRead MoreThe Great War : The Mobilization Of Women1596 Words à |à 7 PagesMOBILIZATION OF WOMEN In 1914 the Great War, later known as World War I, erupted throughout Europe. With isolationismââ¬â¢s strong hold on the American government, it was not until 1917 that the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies. With this new challenge facing the United States, propaganda began to dominate the majority of images produced in the United States during this period. With the bulk of the male population overseas much of the propaganda was geared in the direction of women. PropagandaRead MoreAssess the social impact of the Second World War on women and ethnic minorities in the United States.1043 Words à |à 5 Pagesprofound effect on white men who lived in the United States during the 1940s. Many volunteered for overseas military service, and many more joined the army in the nations first peacetime draft, which occurred in 1941 as a precursor to the United Statess future involvement in the war. World War II also, however, had a profound impact on the lives of women a nd ethnic minorities in the United States. Because white men were the primary candidates of the draft, women and minorities were able to fill job openingsRead MoreWomen During The Great Depression1471 Words à |à 6 Pages Throughout, the history of the United States, there has been many different events that helped change and shape the America known today. One particular event that has had a great significance was the Second World War. The war came as a salvation to the United States because it helped liberate it from the Great Depression. However, one gender population, during this time, had the opportunity to demonstrate their potential. This gender population was women. WWII was not only a life changing eventRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 19th Century1507 Words à |à 7 Pagescentury was an important period for women especially in Europe and North America. It was a crucial time for demand for change and women were at the forefront of it all. Viewed only as a homemaker, wom en found it difficult during this time to show society what they were capable of. Limitations on their capabilities created by gender stereotypes called for change. To understand the significance of the 19th century for women, one must consider the conditions women were living in that desperately neededRead MoreWhat Did The Career Lives Of United States Women Change During The United?1535 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe career lives of United States women change during the United Statesââ¬â¢ industrial Revolution? My interest in women of the industrial revolution in the United States, because there are many turning points in the lifestyle of United States women and the Industrial Revolution appears to me to be one of the first steps in the evolution of the roles of women living in the United States. The method used to investigate this life changing time period for women and the United States as a whole is the useRead MoreWwii Homefront : Argument Essay1075 Words à |à 5 Pages WWII Homefront DBQ Argument Essay On December 7, 1941, the United States Of America decided to enter World War Two. On that same day, the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor, which was the main reason the U.S. joined the war. The day directly after that, the U.S. join the Allied Powers which consisted of Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia. With the U.S. at war, they needed a wayRead MoreWomen Are Not The Only Victims Of The Patriarchal Society1255 Words à |à 6 Pagesvictims of following the restraints of the patriarchal society in the United States. Women are just as guilty as men for being tainted by the traditions of patriarchal society, ignorant to the fact that their judgment of other women is from historical patterns of male rule. In the article, ââ¬Å"The Masterââ¬â¢s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Masterââ¬â¢s House,â⬠Audre Lorde states that women are taught to see their differen ces from another women, and to ââ¬Å"view them as causes for separation and suspicion rather than
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Literacy And Language Literacy Skills - 1327 Words
Literacy and language are an important part of a childââ¬â¢s development. For children to grow and succeed, it is necessary for them to develop skills in reading. Parents and teachers provide the most influence and guidance when it comes to childrenââ¬â¢ s learning. General areas that help a child develop their language literacy skills are phonological skills, vocabulary/word meaning skills, reading skills, comprehension, and writing skills. An Age that I would like to teach would be fifth grade; the language literacy skill I would like to research/teach is reading skills. Reading is not always easy for children, however, reading is a part of everyday life. I believe that applying these five strategies below can benefit any level of reading skill for children in the classroom. Strategy one, previewing the text and activating background knowledge. It is valuable for children to have the knowledge to connect past with the present. An example is ââ¬Å"bridging old knowledge with the new ( (Professional Learning Board , 2016).â⬠This simply means that they can take a past lesson or experience then connect it with what they are going to be reading. I know that when I can make a particular connection with what I am reading it interest me and helps provide a clearer understanding of what is to come with the reading material. Teachers can ask a question like what do you know about the topic. These type of questions can get the juices following and ââ¬Å"bridge old knowledge with new knowledge.â⬠Show MoreRelatedMy Assumptions Of Literacy And Language Through Skill Sets1606 Words à |à 7 PagesThe definition of Literacy to me was being able to simply read and write English. Growing up I had to go through different international schools which made the definition of language very clear to me. Language was how people of the same culture communicated verbally and in text. Both literacy and language are embed and intertwined in our daily lives. In this es say, I am going to analyse my assumptions of literacy and language through skill sets such as the four resource model, understanding dialectsRead MoreStrenthening Early Literacy Skills in Studnets Language Word Recognitio1634 Words à |à 7 PagesSTRENGTHENING EARLY LITERACY SKILLS IN STUDNETS: LANGUAGE AND WORD RECOGNITION Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition 510: Grand Canyon University Joanna Martinez September 9, 2012 Strengthening Early Literacy Skills in Students: Language and Word Recognition Introduction When discussing early literacy, its development begins at birth and continues its development throughout yearly childhood years. Literacy is having the skill to read and writeRead MoreReview How to Provide Opportunities for Learners to Practice Their Literacy, Language, Numeracy and Ict Skills897 Words à |à 4 PagesReview how to provide opportunities for learners to practice their literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills Providing opportunities for learners to practice the skills they need often means hiding them on normal learning activities as many students are resistant to Maths, Literacy and information Communication Technology (ICT) classes. The idea of functional skills was developed by Government to ââ¬Å"provide essential knowledge, skills and understanding that will enable people to function confidentlyRead MoreHow Can Sharing Children s Literature With Children Help Develop Their Language And Literacy Skills?2501 Words à |à 11 PagesHow can sharing childrenââ¬â¢s literature with children help develop their language and literacy skills? Discuss with reference to your background reading and provide examples of good practice from your school experiences. The sharing of childrenââ¬â¢s literature is of vital importance when it comes to the development of childrenââ¬â¢s language and literacy skills. Carter (2000) says the sharing of childrenââ¬â¢s literature is the ââ¬Å"most importantâ⬠contribution which is made to both childrenââ¬â¢s self-knowledge andRead MoreResearch-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners5405 Words à |à 22 PagesResearch-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners Infiernito Finca Escuela Honduras (2009) EDUC 5465 Introduction to ESL/Bilingual and Special Education Written by: Mia Ariela Allen May 2010 Research-Based Best Practices in L2 Literacy Developing Reading Comprehension Skills for English Language Learners Research guiding questions: * How should classroom reading instruction practices best meet the needs ofRead MoreHow Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development1529 Words à |à 7 PagesHow Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Ashanti Gordon Grand Canyon University: ECH 515 December 12, 2012 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Multnomah County had a survey done for kindergarten teachers. The results suggested that 19.4% of their students were not headed toward literacy success, due to a lack of necessary language and pre-reading skills. There is a 90% probability of a child that is a poor reader in first gradeRead MoreLanguage and Literacy Development1014 Words à |à 5 PagesRUNNGHEAD: LANGUAGE AND LITERACY DEVELOPMENT ESSAY Language and Literacy Development Essay Alma J. Bosket Early Literacy Development (O101) -ECH-425 Dr. Leah Barley July 21, 2013 Language and Literacy Essay The achievement of oral language is a normal development for the performance of most children. The childââ¬â¢s (ren) understanding to communicate will began to increase with ageRead MoreComparing Literacy And Language Models1275 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe studentââ¬â¢s ability to apply the skills taught effectively on a job, in society, and to further their education. ââ¬Å"Students with strong literacy skills have promising educational and career options, while most students with weak skills face a future of being undereducated and underemployed as they struggle with undeveloped personal goals and unfulfilling, low-paying jobsâ⬠[Hock Deshler, 2003]. Consequently, the ensuing paper will compare literacy and language models used in a bilingual educationRead MoreLanguage and Literacy1566 Words à |à 7 PagesEDKL102- Assessment Task 1 Essay- What is Language? What is Literacy? How are they different? Teachers must have a sound knowledge and appreciation for language and literacy to be able to make the two concepts a valuable part of a students curriculum. This essay will explore the importance of language and literature in a students learning and how they assist in enhancing their development. Most importantly the similarities and differences will be distinguished so that the relationship betweenRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication 1725 Words à |à 7 Pagesopportunities, technological and demographic evolutions provide significant challenges to the people. Communicating successfully in another language depends on shifting the frames of reference, norms, and assumptions (Kinzer, 2003). In other words, when individuals use another language effectively, they must adopt new perspectives about communication and language and not just focus on the structure and vocabulary. Reading, writing and discussion of texts will help learner to understand another way of
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Abnormal Behavior free essay sample
To reflect on what you have read or studied so far in a course is an essential part of understanding. This worksheet form will provide a place for you to take some time and reflect on understanding how psychology can help you in your everyday life. Please use this weekââ¬â¢s readings to assist you. As you have learned, your mental health and wellness can affect your life and how you interact with others as a student, professional, and in your personal relationships. A GCU student learns through the 4 Pillars that physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing is vital to success in academics in a chosen career field and in life in general. Explain what abnormal and normal behavior is and how to apply wellness strategies by completing the following: Select two of the four case scenarios. Read the scenarios and answer all the questions that follow. Then complete the Wrap-up questions at the end of the assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ______________________________________________________________________ Jamie Single Mom Jamie enrolled in the online Bachelors of Science in Psychology program at GCU in the spring of 2011. She is a single mom with two children under the age of 5 and she works a full-time job as a customer service representative. Jamie is starting to feel overwhelmed with juggling school, work, and spending time with her children. Her physical symptoms are: wanting to cry everyday, sometimes being short with her children, withdrawing from friends and family, and being tired and worn out. She is considering quitting school so that her life will return to some normalcy, but then she worries about how she will pay back her student loans when her current job barely covers her bills. Not only that, but she does not want to give up on her dream of becoming a counselor. Jamie feels as though she is in an endless cycle and does not know how to resolve her feelings and physical symptoms. Her negative thought processes have skewed her thinking. As Jamieââ¬â¢s friend, what steps would you take to assist her? I picked this scenario because I am Jamie. I would reassure her first that for everything she is taking on her feelings are normal. A full time job, full time mother and full time student are heavy loads to carry. We work to pay our bills and take care of our kids and we pursue our education because we realize a degree will help us toà obtain a better job that will in turn provide better for our families. I would stress to create a schedule and make sure to include ââ¬Å"me timeâ⬠in that schdule. Her emotions are bringing on some depression symptoms and I would challenge her to engage with other people that are also doing what she is doing. There are forums at school of others that are like you. Just having the support of others is a hug e help. What resources could Jamie use (both at school, home, and at work) to help her not feel so alone and isolated? At home I like the idea of keeping a stress journal. So many tasks that need to be done simutaneously can cause stress, which in turn, causes depression and feelings of wanting to give up. A journal allows you to talk about what is bothering you to someone that canââ¬â¢t say anything back. Often I donââ¬â¢t want opininon or comparisons I just want to talk and vent. At work I would utilize the company EAP program. I donââ¬â¢t know of any company that doesnââ¬â¢t offer employee assistance programs that are free to employees and if the symptoms are more severe than youââ¬â¢d like and you canââ¬â¢t seem to control the negativity seek guidance through a psychologist. I know my company offers 8 free sessions. When it comes to help from our school I know that our university offers prayer assitance and I have at times even reached out to find groups of people thay may experience what I am and read teh biographys of students in my class and message people with similar backgrounds as myself. We can usally help each other through each 7 weeks. How could Jamie shift her thinking from a negative perspective to a more hopeful perspective? _________________________________________________________________________ John- Anxiety Disorder ââ¬â Obsessive Compulsive Disorder John is single and has not worked in sometime. On a daily basis he fears what the day might bring. To make sure that the day goes right he takes 2 showers daily, one after getting up in the morning and one at mid-day. He also makes sure that each household task such as vacuuming, washing dishes, scrubbing the floors, etc is completed by noon every day and marks off these tasks on a checklist. Lastly, at night, he checks his house to make sure all windows and doors are locked. He unlocks and locks the front door at least three (3) times to assure that the lock is working. John is also going to school, as he knows that he needs to find a job and is hoping to be able to do online computer work when he completes his degree. He is currently struggling with his schoolwork as he has started to obsess about certain routines in it as well, such as double- checking with the instructor everyday that he has completed all of his work, posting 5 and 6 times to the classroom, and e-mailing his classmates daily to see if he has missed something. John recognizes that he needs some help, but does not know where to begin. As his friend, what recommendations could you make in helping him reduce his anxiety? What resources on the Internet could John use to help him daily? What might be some types of therapy for John to use to reduce his symptoms of compulsion? _________________________________________________________________________ Tim ââ¬â Young Adult Tim is finding the freedom of being out on his own exciting and cannot seem to experience enough of his friends and having fun. He is going to school online per his familyââ¬â¢s request to ââ¬Å"make something of himself. â⬠Although this is the case, he does see the value of going to school and would eventually like to complete a degree in business. He finds himself not completing his schoolwork on time and is considering dropping out, but does not want to let his parents know he is failing. He is feeling anxious about this as he is getting further and further behind. He does not want to give up on having fun with his friends either and is stuck in not knowing how to manage responsibility to his familyââ¬â¢s wishes and maintaining a sense of freedom and autonomy. What are some strategies that Tim could use to balance out his needing to have fun and be a young adult with the increasing need to be responsible? How might you as his friend help Tim stay focused and on track with his schoolwork? If you were Timââ¬â¢s parent, how might you approach the actions that you are seeing in him in a positive and supportive way? __________________________________________________________________________ Alice Sleep Disorder ââ¬â Insomnia Alice is an executive at a local business and has struggled since her early adulthood with falling asleep most nights. She says that she feels ââ¬Å"mentally hyperactiveâ⬠at bedtime, and is unable to stop the thoughts of the day, especially those issues that were unresolved. She also feels that when she does not get all of her work done for the day that she does not ââ¬Å"deserve to go to bed. â⬠Any evening excitement such as a TV show, movie, or a party leaves her unable to quiet herself for hours, which leaves her tossing and turning in bed. Sometimes she finds herself waking up in the middle of the night and her thoughts are again racing about the dayââ¬â¢s activities and problems. The lack of sleep leaves her feeling on edge at work the next day with her co-workers and with her fiance. She has tried sleep-aids, but they make her feel groggy the next day and she does not want to become dependent on them. As Aliceââ¬â¢s friend, what strategies could you recommend to her towards alleviating her symptoms? What resources are available to assist Alice in finding a solution to her problem? What steps could Alice take in her life to find more balance with work and home? _______________________________________________________________________ Wrap up: After reading the stories and answering the questions, complete this worksheet entry form by answering the following prompts: 1) Based on the 4 scenarios, which scenarios would be considered abnormal behavior? Why? 2) Of the people you chose to read about, how did their symptoms impact their life in a negative way? Explain. 3) How do you relate to the people in the stories you chose? 4) What positive psychology strategies might you use to combat the negative effects of these stressors and/or disorder symptoms?
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Phonological awareness free essay sample
Phonological awareness is the ability hears and manipulates the sound structure of language. This is an encompassing term that involves working with sounds of languages at the word, syllable, and phoneme level. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate the sound in spoken words, and the understanding that the spoken word and syllables are made up of sequences of speech sounds ( Yopp, 1992) Phonological Awareness is the understanding that spoken language conveys thoughts in words that are composed in sounds (phonemes) specific to that language. It is the understanding that: Words are composed of different sounds (phonemes) Phonemes can blended together to make words, words can be separated into phonemes and phonemes can be manipulated to billed new words. Phonemic Awareness_____________________________________________________ This is the students awareness of the smallest units of sound in a word. It also refers to a students ability to segment, blend, and manipulate these units. We will write a custom essay sample on Phonological awareness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A student with phonemic awareness hears three sounds in the word bat: /b/, /a/, and /t/. Phonemic awareness is the key indicator of a childââ¬â¢s success in learning to read and central to later spelling achievement. (Stanovich, 1986,1994; Ehri, 1984) Children who have phonemic awareness skills are likely to have an easier time learning to read and spell than children who have few or none of these skills. (Armbruster and Osborne, 2002) Children who cannot hear or manipulate the sounds that make up words will have severe difficulty connecting sounds to individual letter symbols and combinations of letters. (Adams, 1990) R Language Experience Approach (LEA)_____________________________ The language experience approach is an approach to reading instruction based on activities and stories developed from personal experiences of the learner. The stories about personal experiences are written down by a teacher and read together until the learner associates the written form of the word with the spoken. Benefits Here are some benefits of the language experience approach: It brings together writing, reading, art, and language. It extends the learners creativity in storytelling through writing. It helps learners understand that what they think and say can be written. It is learner-centered and demonstrates that the learners thoughts and language are valued. It provides reading material that is predictable and readable because it uses the learners natural language. Strengths of the LEA Phonemic awareness is the key indicator of a childââ¬â¢s success in learning to read and central to later spelling achievement. (Stanovich, 1986,1994; Ehri, 1984) Children who have phonemic awareness skills are likely to have an easier time learning to read and spell than children who have few or none of these skills. (Armbruster and Osborne, 2002) Children who cannot hear or manipulate the sounds that make up words will have severe difficulty connecting sounds to individual letter symbols and combinations of letters. (Adams, 1990) Weaknesses of the LEA Time demands on teacher. Teacher must organize instruction, take dictation, plan individual programs, monitor No daily lesson plans provided No preplanned scope sequence of skills No control of initial vocabulary presented Limited number of commercial programs available to assist teacher Basal Approach______________________________________________ Basal/skills-based approaches break down the acts of reading and writing into a series of discrete skills. These skills are then sequenced and grouped into levels. Herein, children can take objective tests that place them into levels. The teacher can provide instruction on the skills specified for that level. The children can practice the skills that pertain to their level until they demonstrate sufficient proficiency to continue with the skills on the next level. While other approaches address the same reading and writing skills what is unique about basal/skills approaches is that these skills are addressed because a child, based on objective tests, fits into a certain skill levelwhich focuses on a list of specified skills. Basal/skills approaches are also unique because they rely on behavioral theories of learning. Specifically, basal/skills approaches focus on drill and practice exercises with each skill. In order to provide sufficient practice with each skill, these exercises commonly isolate the skills from the context of reading or writing authentic text. After ample practice and the development of proficiency, children use these skills in the context of authentic reading and writing. Strengths The highly pre-planned nature of basal readers is seen as one of their strengths, as this eases the load on teachers, particularly those who are inexperienced. Specific skills can be easily targeted, tested, and remediated. Those with very controlled vocabulary usage may ease difficulties for beginner or weak readers. Students who are reading below grade level will receive some benefits from using the on-level basal. The exposure will prepare them for state testing. Using a basal reader as a starting point for grade level reading allows educators to quickly assess student reading level. Basals are not meant to be the only resource a student uses, just the starting point. Weaknesses Some of the ostensible benefits of basal readers are viewed as shortcomings by critics of these books. Critics charge that they focus on teaching isolated skills, rather than fostering an enjoyment and appreciation of reading for its own sake, and that more time is spent on the supplemental worksheets than on actually reading authentic texts. The quality of the literature in the reading books is another target of criticism. Works chosen mainly to allow skills practice may not be particularly meaningful, authentic, or interesting. Critics of the basal reader industry, such as Rafe Esquith in his book, Teach like Your Hair is on Fire, blame the readers for the failure of schools to teach reading. Esquith questions the ability of the basal readers to stimulate students interest in reading. Other critics question the use of materials which lack any scientific evidence of effectiveness and point to the widespread failure of schools to teach reading as proof that basal readers are a waste of time. Onset and Rimes____________________________________________________ Onset and Rime are technical terms used to describe phonological units of a spoken syllable. A syllable can normally be divided into two parts: the onset, which consists of the initial consonant or consonant blend, and the rime which consists of the vowel and any final consonants. So in the word strap, str is the onset and ap is the rime. Words which share the same rime will also rhyme, but the spelling will be constant and not vary as it does with rhyme. In the word black /bl/ is the onset and /ack/ is the rime. Shared Reading_________________________________________________________ Shared Reading is a type of focus lesson in which either enlarged print is utilized, or all students have the text to ââ¬Å"shareâ⬠the reading process with a group of students. The teacher uses this time, explicitly modeling reading strategies and skills that the students need to learn. The responsibility for reading is ââ¬Å"sharedâ⬠between the teacher and the students, although the teacher reads most of the text. Interactive Read Aloud Interactive Read Aloud is a time when the teacher reads a piece of quality writing aloud to the whole class and stops at planned points to ask questions that elicit student response. Students learn to think deeply about text, to listen to others, and to grow their own ideas. Concepts Of Print_______________________________________________ So what are concepts of print? Basically, Concepts about print is what we know about print or more specifically written language: It is important for children to understanding that the print (not the picture) tells the story. The Concepts of Print task is a way for teachers to discover what children already know about the way we print language and what has yet to be learned. This task is an observation task that really taps into what the learners have noticed about the written language around them in their environment. It is important to note that this assessment was not designed to reveal how much a child knows about print? it is more a matter of discovering what Experiences they have had with print, what they have noticed and what they have ignored. It is easy to determine what a child knows about print when using the Concepts about Print observation task, and teachers will be better prepared to advance any childââ¬â¢s understanding when they know what the child is already attending to, rightly or wrongly Children should know As preschool children engage with printed materials they learn things, such as looking through a book in an orderly of fashion. However, there is so much more to learn about written language. When does one start to notice print? In what direction does one move? How does one move through a word? It is easy for adults to underestimate the complexity of the rules surrounding written print and it is equally easy for children to pick up strange ways of exploring print. For print to work, children must accept our writing conventions such as, writing top to bottom and left to right, the correct formation of letters, that clusters are called words, that there are first letters and last letters in a word, that you can choose uppercase and lowercase letters, that spaces are there for a reason, and that different punctuation marks signal different meanings. It is important to remember that learning the conventions of writing will occur over an extended period of time.
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